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Treatment of Schizophrenia
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Schizophrenia

Of all the misunderstood mental illnesses, Schizophrenia gets a horrible reputation. The condition is characterized by disordered thoughts, unusual speech and behavior, and an inaccurate view of reality.

It’s often used as the go-to disorder for violent criminals in movies and television shows. Still, schizophrenia affects a diverse range of people, many of whom can lead to regular, satisfying lives with treatments like therapy and medication. 

Schizophrenia is a complicated mental health problem related to psychosis. There are lots of misconceptions about it. Even mental health professionals disagree about it. But the reality is that about 1 in every 100 people get this diagnosis at some point in their life. With the context being set up, in this blog, we will try to explain the various facets of Schizophrenia, starting with its definition. 

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disease that generally appears in a person in early childhood or late adolescence. This mental disorder is characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and several other cognitive impairments. Schizophrenia can be a lifelong struggle for people affected by this disease. People who have this mental disorder may hear sounds and voices that are not there in reality.

Some patients who have schizophrenia can feel and even convince themselves that others are reading their minds, plotting against them, or controlling their thinking. Schizophrenic patients often remain withdrawn and feel distressed or even act fanatically at times.

People living with schizophrenic patients often find it hard to understand what the patient is talking about. On other occasions, schizophrenic patients, when they seem to feel okay, may start explaining what they are genuinely thinking about. It is a very actual fact that mental disease’s effects reach far beyond the patients themselves.

It also affects their friends, families, and society. A sizable proportion of schizophrenic patients have to rely on others for their daily sustenance since they often become unable to hold any job or take care of themselves. Many schizophrenia patients also resist their treatments as they feel normal, and there is nothing wrong with them. 

Now that we understand what Schizophrenia entails, let’s look at its symptoms, causes, and possible treatments: 

Symptoms:

Many experiences and behaviors can be part of schizophrenia. They can start suddenly, or they might develop gradually over time. Each person’s experience is unique. A doctor might suggest you have schizophrenia if you experience some of the following:

  • A lack of interest in things
  • Feeling disconnected from your emotions.
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Wanting to avoid people
  • Hallucinations, such as hearing voices or seeing things others don’t
  • Delusions (strong beliefs that others don’t share), including paranoid delusions
  • Disoriented thinking and speech
  • Not wanting to look after yourself.

Causes: 

No one cause has been linked to schizophrenia. Doctors suspect that genetics may play a role in some cases: A chemical imbalance related to the neurotransmitter dopamine may increase someone’s chances of developing schizophrenia, as can complications during their birth. People with a parent with schizophrenia are more likely to have it themselves, but this is thought to result from a cocktail of genetic factors and not one specific gene mutation. There’s also a clear line between schizophrenia and environmental pressures. Stressful situations can trigger schizophrenia in people who are already predisposed to it. People with schizophrenia are also more likely to abuse substances (up to 50 percent are addicted to drugs or alcohol). Still, it’s not always clear when the behavior exacerbates the disorder or vice versa.

Treatment:

There’s no cure for schizophrenia. If you’re diagnosed with this disorder, you’ll need lifelong treatment. Treatments can control or reduce the severity of symptoms. It’s essential to get treatment from a psychiatrist or mental health professional who has experience treating people with this disorder. You may also work with a social worker or a case manager too. Possible treatments include the following:

Medications: Antipsychotic medication is the most common treatment for schizophrenia. Medication can help stop hallucinations, delusions, symptoms of psychosis. Antipsychotic medications that target the neurotransmitter dopamine are commonly prescribed to patients. Some examples of these drugs include aripiprazole (Abilify), brexpiprazole (Rexulti), and lurasidone (Latuda). Drugs can make life manageable for schizophrenic patients, but they can also come with side effects such as weight gain, constipation, low blood pressure, and even seizures.

Psychosocial intervention: Another treatment option for schizophrenia is a psychosocial intervention. This includes individual therapy to help you cope with stress and your illness.

Schizophrenic patients are at a greater risk for a slew of different mental illnesses. Rates of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder are higher among people with schizophrenia. Symptoms of schizophrenia can overlap with these disorders: Suicidal thoughts and a lack of motivation and interest in life are schizophrenic symptoms that are also hallmarks of depression.

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Antibiotics
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Antibiotics – The misused miracle

The gravity of the problem of Antibiotic resistance is immense. Let us try to illustrate. Antibiotics have started to fail. Resistant bacteria already cause more than 750,000 deaths every year. This number is predicted to rise dramatically if radical actions are not taken. 

Antibiotics – The misused miracle

Antibiotic resistance has become one of the greatest threats to global health. 

  • Antibiotic resistance kills. 214,000 newborns are estimated to die every year from blood infections (sepsis) caused by resistant bacteria – representing at least 30% of all sepsis deaths in newborns.
  • Antibiotic resistance spreads silently across the world. More than 60% of the populations in some areas carry multidrug-resistant bacteria in their normal bacterial flora.
  • Antibiotic resistance is costly. It is estimated that the median overall increased cost to treat a resistant bacterial infection is around 700 USD, equal to over one year’s wages of a rural worker in India. Novel treatments for multidrug-resistant infections can cost up to tens of thousands of dollars, making them unaffordable for many.
  • Antibiotic resistance is here now. Resistance has already developed to the last-line antibiotics for gonorrhea, which in some cases is nearly untreatable. With 106 million new cases/year, the consequences of total resistance would be devastating.

Antibiotic resistance is alarming, but what is it, how does it happen and what can be done? Let’s start with a little history and science. 

Why should we care about this issue?

Antibiotic drugs have revolutionized medicine and made our modern way of life possible. In addition to their essential role in the clinic, antibiotics are used in a huge array of non-medical applications, from promoting growth in livestock to preserving building materials from contamination to treating blight in orchards. However, overuse threatens their efficacy due to the promotion and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Antibiotics target and inhibit essential cellular processes, retarding growth, and causing cell death. However, if bacteria are exposed to drugs below the dose required to kill all bacteria in a population (the minimum bactericidal concentration or MBC), they can mutate and resist antibiotic treatment via natural selection for resistance-conferring mutations. These genetic mutations can arise from the adoption of a plasmid encoding a resistance gene or by mutation to the bacterial chromosome itself.

The concern around the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria is compounded by the fact that the discovery of new antibiotics is a fleeting rare event. Most classes of antibiotics on the market were discovered in the mid-to-late 20th century. Thus, there is a limited arsenal of drugs to fight resistant bacteria, and bacteria can be resistant to multiple drugs at a time.

Given the importance of antibiotics to modern medicine, and the growing apprehension surrounding the threat of resistance, scientists are studying every aspect of antibiotic resistance.

Are bacteria learning to fight back? 

Although it seems like bacteria are in some way ‘learning’ how to fight back against us, the development of antibiotic resistance is an inevitable and natural part of bacterial evolution. Each time a bacterium multiplies, it divides into two and copies its DNA.

Imperfections in this process mean that in a population of millions, billions, or even trillions of multiplying bacterial cells, there are lots of ‘mistakes’, know as mutations, in the DNA of each successive generation.

Owing to the sheer number of variants, over time a tiny proportion of individuals will, by chance, develop a quirk that means they are immune to certain antibiotics. A mutation may, for example, subtly change the structure of a key molecule that the antibiotic targets, rendering it ineffective. Or, it may mean the bacteria start producing a chemical that destroys the antibacterial properties of the drug.

What’s causing the problem?

Antibiotic resistance becomes a big problem when antibiotics are overused. Using an antibiotic destroys a lot of bacteria in a person’s body – both good and bad strains. Antibiotics are found to be used indiscriminately, like taking wrong antibiotics or inappropriate dose and for the inappropriate duration; patients not taking the full course of antibiotics as they stop it soon after feeling better, using antibiotics for viral diseases, etc. These types of misuses lead to the rise of antibiotic resistance. The more often antibiotics are used, the more likely it is that drug-resistant bacteria will come to dominate in any given location. And it’s not just human medicine that helps spread antibiotic resistance.

Antibiotics are also given to animals for disease prevention and growth promotion. Such antibiotics expose a large number of animals and thus bacteria, for more extended period, and at lower doses. This leads to the evolution of resistance. Consuming the animals as food or by close contact with such animals, humans get such resistant bacteria. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the hospital, poultry farm, or any other place spread in the environment. These bacteria cause infectious diseases which are difficult to treat.

What you can do to help?

To help fight antibiotic resistance and protect yourself against infection:

  • Don’t take antibiotics unless you’re certain you need them. An estimated 30% of the millions of prescriptions written each year are not needed. Always ask your doctor if antibiotics will really help. For illnesses caused by viruses — common colds, bronchitis, and many ear and sinus infections — they won’t.
  • Finish your pills. Take your entire prescription exactly as directed. Do it even if you start feeling better. If you stop before the infection is completely wiped out, those bacteria are more likely to become drug-resistant.
  • Get vaccinated. Immunizations can protect you against some diseases that are treated with antibiotics. They include tetanus and whooping cough.
  • Stay safe in the hospital. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are commonly found in hospitals. Make sure your caregivers wash their hands properly. Also, ask how to keep surgical wounds free of infection.
  • Prevent transmission of pathogen: The patient should maintain proper hygiene and sanitization; hand washing should be promoted, direct contact with the patient should be avoided to prevent the spread of communicable disease.

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Muscular Dystrophy – The Neurological Weakness

A muscular Dystrophy is a group of diseases that make muscles weaker and less flexible over time. This damage and weakness are due to the lack of a protein called dystrophin, which is necessary for normal muscle function. The absence of this protein can cause problems with walking, swallowing, and muscle coordination.

For some people, the disease starts early in childhood. Others don’t have any symptoms until they are teenagers or middle-aged adults. In muscular dystrophy, abnormal genes (mutations) interfere with proteins’ production needed to form healthy muscle. 

How muscular dystrophy affects an individual depends on the kind. Most people’s condition will worsen over time, and some people may lose the ability to walk, talk, or care for themselves. But that doesn’t happen to everyone. Other people can live for many years with mild symptoms.

There’s no cure for muscular dystrophy. But medications and therapy can help manage symptoms and slow the course of the disease. Some forms of muscular dystrophy may be present at birth and develop during childhood, while other forms develop during adulthood. 

Muscular dystrophy can be hereditary as well. More than 30 types of muscular dystrophy result in muscle weakness, which varies in symptoms and severity. There are nine different categories used for diagnosis. Let us explore each type in detail. 

Muscular Dystrophy

Types of Muscular Dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy: This type of muscular dystrophy is the most common among children. The majority of individuals affected are boys. It’s rare for girls to develop it. The symptoms include:

  • trouble walking
  • loss of reflexes
  • difficulty standing up
  • poor posture
  • bone thinning
  • scoliosis, which is an abnormal curvature of your spine
  • mild intellectual impairment
  • breathing difficulties
  • swallowing problems
  • lung and heart weakness

People with Duchenne muscular dystrophy typically require a wheelchair before their teenage years. The life expectancy for those with this disease is late teens or 20s.

Becker muscular dystrophy: Becker muscular dystrophy is similar to Duchenne muscular dystrophy, but it’s less severe. This type of muscular dystrophy also more commonly affects boys. Muscle weakness occurs mostly in your arms and legs, with symptoms appearing between age 11 and 25.

Other symptoms of Becker muscular dystrophy include:

  • walking on your toes
  • frequent falls
  • muscle cramps
  • trouble getting up from the floor

Many with this disease don’t need a wheelchair until they’re in their mid-30s or older, and a small percentage of people with this disease never require one. Most people with Becker muscular dystrophy live until middle age or later.

Congenital muscular dystrophy: Congenital muscular dystrophies are often apparent between birth and age 2. This is when parents begin to notice that their child’s motor functions and muscle control aren’t developing as they should. Symptoms vary and may include:

  • muscle weakness
  • poor motor control
  • inability to sit or stand without support
  • scoliosis
  • foot deformities
  • trouble swallowing
  • respiratory problems
  • vision problems
  • speech problems
  • intellectual impairment

While symptoms vary from mild to severe, most people with congenital muscular dystrophy are unable to sit or stand without help. The lifespan of someone with this type also varies, depending on the symptoms. Some people with congenital muscular dystrophy die in infancy, while others live until adulthood.

Myotonic dystrophy: Myotonic dystrophy is also called Steinert’s disease or dystrophia myotonica. This form of muscular dystrophy causes myotonia, an inability to relax your muscles after they contract. Myotonia is exclusive to this type of muscular dystrophy.

Myotonic dystrophy can affect your:

  • facial muscles
  • central nervous system
  • adrenal glands
  • heart
  • thyroid
  • eyes
  • gastrointestinal tract

Symptoms most often appear first in your face and neck. They include:

  • drooping muscles in your face, producing a thin, lean look
  • difficulty lifting your neck due to weak neck muscles
  • difficulty swallowing
  • droopy eyelids, or ptosis
  • early baldness in the front area of your scalp
  • low vision, including cataracts
  • weight loss
  • increased sweating

This dystrophy type may also cause impotence and testicular atrophy in males. In women, it may cause irregular periods and infertility.

Myotonic dystrophy diagnoses are most common in adults in their 20s and 30s. The severity of symptoms can vary greatly. Some people experience mild symptoms, while others have potentially life-threatening symptoms involving the heart and lungs.

Facioscapulohumeral (FSHD): Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is also known as Landouzy-Dejerine disease. This type of muscular dystrophy affects the muscles in your face, shoulders, and upper arms. FSHD may cause:

  • difficulty chewing or swallowing
  • slanted shoulders
  • a crooked appearance of the mouth
  • a wing-like appearance of the shoulder blades

A smaller number of people with FSHD may develop hearing and respiratory problems.

FSHD tends to progress slowly. Symptoms usually appear during your teenage years, but they sometimes don’t appear until your 40s. Most people with this condition live a full life span.

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy causes weakening of the muscles and a loss of muscle bulk. This type of muscular dystrophy usually begins in your shoulders and hips, but it may also occur in your legs and neck. You may find it hard to get up out of a chair, walk up and downstairs, and carry heavy items if you have limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. You may also stumble and fall more easily.

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy affects both males and females. Most people with this form of muscular dystrophy are disabled by age 20. However, many have an average life expectancy.

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD): Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy causes weakness in your facial, neck, and shoulder muscles. Other symptoms include:

  • drooping eyelids
  • trouble swallowing
  • voice changes
  • vision problems
  • heart problems
  • difficulty walking

OPMD occurs in both men and women. Individuals usually receive diagnoses in their 40s or 50s.

Distal muscular dystrophy: Distal muscular dystrophy is also called distal myopathy. It affects the muscles in your:

  • forearms
  • hands
  • calves
  • feet

It may also affect your respiratory system and heart muscles. The symptoms tend to progress slowly and include a loss of fine motor skills and difficulty walking. Most people, both male and female, are diagnosed with distal muscular dystrophy between 40 and 60.

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy: Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy tends to affect more boys than girls. This type of muscular dystrophy usually begins in childhood. The symptoms include:

  • weakness in your upper arm and lower leg muscles
  • breathing problems
  • heart problems
  • shortening of the muscles in your spine, neck, ankles, knees, and elbows

Most individuals with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy die in mid-adulthood from heart or lung failure.

Treatment for muscular dystrophy

There is currently no cure for muscular dystrophy.

To help ease discomfort, reduce joint contractures, and prevent or delay scoliosis, physiotherapists offer advice on stretches and exercises and the prescription of orthoses and other orthopedic devices. Occupational therapists also provide advice on sitting positions and activities. Such treatment can keep affected people walking for more extended and maximize independence in daily living. Treatments depend on your symptoms.

Treatment options include:

  • corticosteroid drugs, which help strengthen your muscles and slow muscle deterioration
  • assisted ventilation if respiratory muscles are affected
  • medication for heart problems
  • surgery to help correct the shortening of your muscles
  • surgery to repair cataracts
  • surgery to treat scoliosis
  • surgery to treat cardiac problems

Therapy has proven to be effective. You can strengthen your muscles and maintain your range of motion using physical therapy. Occupational therapy can help you:

  • become more independent
  • improve your coping skills
  • improve your social skills
  • gain access to community services

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Anorexia
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Anorexia – The sickness that robs your fitness

Anorexia nervosa — often simply called anorexia — is an eating disorder characterized by abnormally low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of weight. People with anorexia place a high value on controlling their weight and shape, using extreme efforts that tend to significantly interfere with their lives.

To prevent weight gain or to continue losing weight, people with anorexia usually severely restrict the amount of food they eat. They may control calorie intake by vomiting after eating or by misusing laxatives, diet aids, diuretics or enemas.

They may also try to lose weight by exercising excessively. No matter how much weight is lost, the person continues to fear weight gain.

Anorexia isn’t really about food. It’s an extremely unhealthy and sometimes life-threatening way to try to cope with emotional problems. When you have anorexia, you often equate thinness with self-worth.

Anorexia, like other eating disorders, can take over your life and can be very difficult to overcome. But with treatment, you can gain a better sense of who you are, return to healthier eating habits and reverse some of anorexia’s serious complications.

Symptoms of Anorexia

The physical signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa are related to starvation. Anorexia also includes emotional and behavioral issues involving an unrealistic perception of body weight and an extremely strong fear of gaining weight or becoming fat.

It may be difficult to notice signs and symptoms because what is considered a low body weight is different for each person, and some individuals may not appear extremely thin. Also, people with anorexia often disguise their thinness, eating habits, or physical problems.

Physical symptoms:

  • Extreme weight loss or not making expected developmental weight gains
  • Thin appearance
  • Abnormal blood counts
  • Fatigue
  • Insomnia
  • Dizziness or fainting
  • Bluish discoloration of the fingers
  • Hair that thins, breaks, or falls out
  • Soft, downy hair covering the body
  • Absence of menstruation
  • Constipation and abdominal pain
  • Dry or yellowish skin
  • Intolerance of cold
  • Irregular heart rhythms
  • Low blood pressure
  • Dehydration
  • Swelling of arms or legs
  • Eroded teeth and calluses on the knuckles from induced vomiting
  • Some people who have anorexia binge and purge, similar to individuals who have bulimia. But people with anorexia generally struggle with abnormally low body weight, while individuals with bulimia typically are normal to above normal weight.

Emotional and behavioral symptoms

Behavioral symptoms of anorexia may include attempts to lose weight by:

  • Severely restricting food intake through dieting or fasting
  • Exercising excessively
  • Bingeing and self-induced vomiting to get rid of food, which may include the use of laxatives, enemas, diet aids, or herbal products

Emotional and behavioral signs and symptoms may include:

  • Preoccupation with food, which sometimes includes cooking elaborate meals for others but not eating them
  • Frequently skipping meals or refusing to eat
  • Denial of hunger or making excuses for not eating
  • Eating only a few certain “safe” foods, usually those low in fat and calories
  • Adopting a rigid meal or eating rituals, such as spitting food out after chewing
  • Not wanting to eat in public
  • Lying about how much food has been eaten
  • Fear of gaining weight that may include repeated weighing or measuring the body
  • Frequent checking in the mirror for perceived flaws
  • Complaining about being fat or having parts of the body that are fat
  • Covering up in layers of clothing
  • Flat mood (lack of emotion)
  • Social withdrawal
  • Irritability
  • Insomnia
  • Reduced interest in sex

Causes of Anorexia

The exact cause of anorexia is unknown. As with many diseases, it’s a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors.

  • Biological. Although it’s not yet clear which genes are involved, there may be genetic changes that make some people at higher risk of developing anorexia. Some people may have a genetic tendency toward perfectionism, sensitivity, and perseverance — all traits associated with anorexia.
  • Psychological. Some people with anorexia may have obsessive-compulsive personality traits that make it easier to stick to strict diets and forgo food despite being hungry. They may have an extreme drive for perfectionism, which causes them to think they’re never thin enough. And they may have high levels of anxiety and engage in restrictive eating to reduce it.
  • Environmental. Modern Western culture emphasizes thinness. Success and worth are often equated with being thin. Peer pressure may help fuel the desire to be thin, particularly among young girls.

Risk factors of Anorexia

Anorexia is more common in girls and women. However, boys and men have increasingly developed eating disorders, possibly related to growing social pressures.

Anorexia is also more common among teenagers. Still, people of any age can develop this eating disorder, though it’s rare in those over 40. Teens may be more at risk because of all the changes their bodies go through during puberty. They may also face increased peer pressure and be more sensitive to criticism or even casual comments about weight or body shape.

Certain factors increase the risk of anorexia, including:

  • Genetics. Changes in specific genes may put certain people at higher risk of anorexia. Those with a first-degree relative — a parent, sibling or child — who had the disorder have a much higher risk of anorexia.
  • Dieting and starvation. Dieting is a risk factor for developing an eating disorder. There is strong evidence that many of the symptoms of anorexia are actually symptoms of starvation. Starvation affects the brain and influences mood changes, rigidity in thinking, anxiety and reduction in appetite. Starvation and weight loss may change the way the brain works in vulnerable individuals, which may perpetuate restrictive eating behaviors and make it difficult to return to normal eating habits.
  • Transitions. Whether it’s a new school, home or job; a relationship breakup; or the death or illness of a loved one, change can bring emotional stress and increase the risk of anorexia.

Prevention of Anorexia

There’s no guaranteed way to prevent anorexia nervosa. Primary care physicians (pediatricians, family physicians, and internists) may be in a good position to identify early indicators of anorexia and prevent the development of full-blown illness. For instance, they can ask questions about eating habits and satisfaction with appearance during routine medical appointments.

If you notice that a family member or friend has low self-esteem, severe dieting habits, and dissatisfaction with appearance, consider talking to him or her about these issues. Although you may not be able to prevent an eating disorder from developing, you can talk about healthier behavior or treatment options.

Treatment of Anorexia

Treatment for anorexia is generally done using a team approach, which includes doctors, mental health professionals, and dietitians, all with experience in eating disorders. Ongoing therapy and nutrition education is highly important to continued recovery.

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Migraine
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Know your Migraine

Migraine is a chronic health condition that entails severe, recurring headaches during a time. Before the inception of the symptoms, the body may feel sensory changes known as an aura. Migraine affects people in different ways. Some patients have an episode weekly, while some have them occasionally. These people may feel a diverse range of triggers, symptoms, or frequency, consequently.

Many researchers have found that adults are more prone to chronic migraine than children. Although in some cases, children below the age of 18 may also be subjected to this disease. This disease’s diagnosis is primarily determined through the family’s clinical history, reported history, or other causes. The most common causes of migraine happen without the aura (usually referred to as common migraines) or those with an atmosphere (typically know as classic migraine).

Migraines can be treated. With proper medications and self-help remedies, headaches, pain could be prevented or become less painful.

The four stages of a Migraine

The four stages of a Migraine

It can start in early childhood. People who have a family history of migraines may go through four stages in their lives: prodrome, aura, attack, and post-drome. However, not everyone, during the inception of their disease, may feel these symptoms.

1.Prodrome

Prodrome is the first set of symptoms that you may feel before the onset of your first migraine. You might notice these subtle changes, telling you the signs of an upcoming migraine. These are-:

  • Food cravings
  • Constipation
  • Mood swings
  • Neck stiffness
  • Increased thirst or urination

2.Aura

Aura is the symptoms that may be felt by the patients before or after the first onset of your migraine. They are visual reversible symptoms of your nervous system. They usually start showing gradually and can last up to 60 minutes. These are-:

  • Vision loss
  • Difficult hearing
  • Sensitive of light 
  • Pins and needles sensation
  • Hearing sounds

3.Attack 

The following symptoms come in the attack phase. This is when the episodes may occur. Some people might feel a headache in their aura phase. The attack may vary from person to person. This phase can last up to hours to days. Some of the symptoms of this phase are-:

  • Nausea
  • Dizziness
  • Sensitivity to light and sounds
  • Pulsing of head
  • Pain on either side of your head; left, right, front, back, or temples.

4.Post- drome

After a migraine attack, a person may feel drained, tired, confused for the day. Some patients might feel elated. 

How does migraine pain feel?

Migraine pain can vary from person to person. Patients who have felt migraine pain described it as-: 

  • Pulsating
  • Throbbing
  • Pounding

Migraine pain can be dull as well as severe. In some people, the pain may initially start as mild, but it could become severe without treatment. The pain usually hits your forehead area, on either side of the head or both sides.

Migraine nausea

Nausea is a common symptom found in people who suffer from migraines. Most people also vomit. Usually, nausea starts with the onset of a headache, but in some cases, it may begin one hour before or after the headache starts.

Nausea and vomiting are as tricky as the headache itself. Although sickness alone can be taken care of with proper medications, vomiting can deteriorate your condition even more, as the pills you may swallow may not be absorbed by the body fast enough.

Treatment of nausea and vomiting

If you suffer from nausea, your doctor may suggest some anti-nausea medications known as antiemetic drugs, which may help out nausea. In some cases, acupressure has also been found successful while treating nausea preventing migraine-associated nausea under 4 hours. 

Doctors usually prefer treating both the ailments rather than together. If you are a nausea and vomiting type patient, your doctors might suggest some preventive prophylactic medications.

When should you do a test?

Your migraine can be diagnosed by doing a medical test. Your doctor may suggest a test after checking your symptoms, your family history, or any physical examination to rule out other complications such as

  • Tumors
  • Stroke
  • Abnormal brain structures

Well, one thing you should know is that migraines can’t be cured. But with proper medications and treatments, you may be able to manage and ease down the symptoms. 

Your treatment should depend -:

  • Your age
  • The type of migraine
  • The severity of the migraine
  • Their time of occurrence, how much pain do you feel, how often do you feel the pain
  • Other symptoms like nausea and vomiting

What causes Migraine

There is no definite cause for migraine. Researchers cannot find the reason behind it, but certain factors are said to trigger the disease. For example, a decrease in the level of serotonin. Some other factors include-:

  • Dehydration
  • Bright lights
  • Loud music or sounds
  • Excessive stress
  • Hormonal change
  • Skipping meals
  • Smoking and alcohol

Migraine treatments-:

Treatments may vary from person to person. Some may include 

  • Lifestyle adjustments
  • Home remedies
  • OTC or migraine medications such as NSAIDs or Tylenol.
  • Preventive migraine medications to ease out the pain
  • Counseling

Some people also go for migraine surgery. There are a couple of procedures used, although not allowed by the U.S food and drug Administration. The American migraine foundation always suggests migraine patients consult a headache specialist. These surgeries are experimental until proven and researchers are doing their best to find out if they work.

Food that might trigger migraine

Certain foods may trigger these headaches more than the others. It is best to avoid these-:

  • Alcohol or caffeine
  • Tyramine (found in natural substances)
  • Monosodium glutamate, nitrates and other food additives

See a doctor

Have around to your doctor if re-occurring headaches start interfering in your life. Explain your symptoms if you have any pain behind the ears and eyes or if you often have headaches. Migraines can be excruciating, and if not treated properly, can become severe.  Preventing your headaches is the best way to manage them.

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