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14Jan2021

Know your Migraine

Migraine is a chronic health condition that entails severe, recurring headaches during a time. Before the inception of the symptoms, the body may feel sensory changes known as an aura. Migraine affects people in different ways. Some patients have an episode weekly, while some have them occasionally. These people may feel a diverse range of triggers, symptoms, or frequency, consequently.

Many researchers have found that adults are more prone to chronic migraine than children. Although in some cases, children below the age of 18 may also be subjected to this disease. This disease’s diagnosis is primarily determined through the family’s clinical history, reported history, or other causes. The most common causes of migraine happen without the aura (usually referred to as common migraines) or those with an atmosphere (typically know as classic migraine).

Migraines can be treated. With proper medications and self-help remedies, headaches, pain could be prevented or become less painful.

The four stages of a Migraine

It can start in early childhood. People who have a family history of migraines may go through four stages in their lives: prodrome, aura, attack, and post-drome. However, not everyone, during the inception of their disease, may feel these symptoms.

1.Prodrome

Prodrome is the first set of symptoms that you may feel before the onset of your first migraine. You might notice these subtle changes, telling you the signs of an upcoming migraine. These are-:

Food cravings
Constipation
Mood swings
Neck stiffness
Increased thirst or urination

2.Aura

Aura is the symptoms that may be felt by the patients before or after the first onset of your migraine. They are visual reversible symptoms of your nervous system. They usually start showing gradually and can last up to 60 minutes. These are-:

Vision loss
Difficult hearing
Sensitive of light
Pins and needles sensation
Hearing sounds

3.Attack

The following symptoms come in the attack phase. This is when the episodes may occur. Some people might feel a headache in their aura phase. The attack may vary from person to person. This phase can last up to hours to days. Some of the symptoms of this phase are-:

Nausea
Dizziness
Sensitivity to light and sounds
Pulsing of head
Pain on either side of your head; left, right, front, back, or temples.

4.Post- drome

After a migraine attack, a person may feel drained, tired, confused for the day. Some patients might feel elated.

How does migraine pain feel?

Migraine pain can vary from person to person. Patients who have felt migraine pain described it as-:

Pulsating
Throbbing
Pounding

Migraine pain can be dull as well as severe. In some people, the pain may initially start as mild, but it could become severe without treatment. The pain usually hits your forehead area, on either side of the head or both sides.

Migraine nausea

Nausea is a common symptom found in people who suffer from migraines. Most people also vomit. Usually, nausea starts with the onset of a headache, but in some cases, it may begin one hour before or after the headache starts.

Nausea and vomiting are as tricky as the headache itself. Although sickness alone can be taken care of with proper medications, vomiting can deteriorate your condition even more, as the pills you may swallow may not be absorbed by the body fast enough.

Treatment of nausea and vomiting

If you suffer from nausea, your doctor may suggest some anti-nausea medications known as antiemetic drugs, which may help out nausea. In some cases, acupressure has also been found successful while treating nausea preventing migraine-associated nausea under 4 hours.

Doctors usually prefer treating both the ailments rather than together. If you are a nausea and vomiting type patient, your doctors might suggest some preventive prophylactic medications.

When should you do a test?

Your migraine can be diagnosed by doing a medical test. Your doctor may suggest a test after checking your symptoms, your family history, or any physical examination to rule out other complications such as

Tumors
Stroke
Abnormal brain structures

Well, one thing you should know is that migraines can’t be cured. But with proper medications and treatments, you may be able to manage and ease down the symptoms.

Your treatment should depend -:

Your age
The type of migraine
The severity of the migraine
Their time of occurrence, how much pain do you feel, how often do you feel the pain
Other symptoms like nausea and vomiting

What causes Migraine

There is no definite cause for migraine. Researchers cannot find the reason behind it, but certain factors are said to trigger the disease. For example, a decrease in the level of serotonin. Some other factors include-:

Dehydration
Bright lights
Loud music or sounds
Excessive stress
Hormonal change
Skipping meals
Smoking and alcohol

Migraine treatments-:

Treatments may vary from person to person. Some may include

Lifestyle adjustments
Home remedies
OTC or migraine medications such as NSAIDs or Tylenol.
Preventive migraine medications to ease out the pain
Counseling

Some people also go for migraine surgery. There are a couple of procedures used, although not allowed by the U.S food and drug Administration. The American migraine foundation always suggests migraine patients consult a headache specialist. These surgeries are experimental until proven and researchers are doing their best to find out if they work.

Food that might trigger migraine

Certain foods may trigger these headaches more than the others. It is best to avoid these-:

Alcohol or caffeine
Tyramine (found in natural substances)
Monosodium glutamate, nitrates and other food additives

See a doctor

Have around to your doctor if re-occurring headaches start interfering in your life. Explain your symptoms if you have any pain behind the ears and eyes or if you often have headaches. Migraines can be excruciating, and if not treated properly, can become severe. Preventing your headaches is the best way to manage them.

Check out our recent blog on mental health – https://www.saideephospital.com/2020/11/17/mental-health-disorders-on-the-rise-during-covid/

Visit here for regular health updates – https://www.instagram.com/saideephealthcareofficial/

14Jan2021

admin Medical, Uncategorized Leave a comment

Trends to look out for in Dentistry

The public’s innate desire to make considerable efforts to keep their pearly whites in optimum condition and work hard to maintain their oral health is providing an immense tailwind to the industry. People from all social strata are wanting to elevate their smiles.

Since all of us don’t have a picturesque smile, technological advancements in orthodontics have allowed people with dental problems to overcome troubling issues and gain a beautiful smile that fills them with confidence.

Research shows that the coming year will be filled with exciting in-office and digital dental trends, including new technologies, improved business practices, and new ways to optimize the patient experience — and even Robo-dentists.

Dentistry Trends concerning technology

Dental 3D Printers

3D printers are revolutionizing dentistry and orthodontics by helping to drastically reduce the time and costs associated with the production of custom aligners, tooth replacements, veneers, and crowns. In-house 3D printers also decrease private practices’ dependency on third-party labs and companies that typically design and develop these products.

Laser Dentistry

Laser technology is one of the many dental trends taking the field by storm for various reasons. Its wide array of uses include, but are not limited to, the following: whitening teeth, removing tooth decay, preparing the tooth’s enamel for the filling, reshaping the gums, removing bacteria during a root canal, eradicating lesions.

CAD Technology

Computer-aided technology has helped create designs of teeth that help create customized designs for patients for prosthetic treatments like veneers, bridges, and artificial teeth.

Trends concerning procedures

Teeth Whitening

Teeth whitening is trending in 2020, with more patients than ever seeking natural-looking & white shining teeth. Yellow teeth are a common problem that can make anyone look less than appealing. Cosmetic dentistry has come up with various solutions for teeth whitening that brighten teeth without any prosthetics.

Clear aligners

Brace wearers are welcoming the latest trend in the dental market. This new technique is an effective alternative to wearing uncomfortable wire-and-band braces. Clear aligners are made with durable transparent plastic and are more comfortable. They can be easily cleaned and are quite comfortable to wear. They can be removed to brush and floss the teeth and then inserted back into the mouth to continue their use.

Dental bonding

Dental bonding is quick, easy, and effective in elevating your smile and overall appearance. Many patients have gaps, cracks, and chips in their teeth, making their smile not as attractive as they wish it to be. These are filled with a resin-like material with dental bonding.

Dental Implants

Missing teeth can damage an individual’s smile and change their face, making them look older. Traditionally, implants were considered to be an alternative for older people, but now they are increasingly used by the younger generation to get a perfect smile.

Gum contouring

Gum contouring is a useful procedure for those with an uneven gum line or those whose gums rest too high or low on their teeth. By reshaping your gums, the shape and size of your teeth can be made to look ideal.

Dentistry Trends with respect to Industry

Natural Dental Products

Going green is a popular trend across all industries, especially in personal and professional healthcare. As consumers increasingly opt for more natural products like charcoal toothpaste and bamboo toothbrushes in their personal lives, the incorporation of natural oral hygiene products within your dental practice will be a necessity moving forward.

Dental Group Practices

Individual dental practices are on the decline, and group dental practices are on the rise. Treating patients in an efficient and time-friendly manner is more critical now than ever before. Thus dentists are coming together to form group practices to reap economies of scale to tackle increasing costs and eliminate risk.

Automated Patient Tracking & Management Software

Digital automation technology would help streamline, organize, and reduce daily processes both in and out of the office. Its uses are as follows: Text appointment confirmation notifications, pre-recorded follow-up appointment voicemails, online patient portal creation, scheduled social media posts and digital marketing efforts, in-house form submissions via handheld tablet, digital data collection, and organization via cloud-based storage.

Check out our recent blog on root canal treatment – https://www.saideephospital.com/2020/11/29/root-canal-treatment/

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19Dec2020

Health care Leave a comment

Critical Care Anesthesia

Keeping patients comfortable, without pain and distress, and continuously monitoring vital signs is what makes this profession so important.

What is Anesthesia?

Anesthesia is a medical treatment that prevents the feeling or sensation of pain with or without loss of consciousness during medical procedures. Anesthesiology also includes traditional intraoperative care and sub-specialties like chronic pain management and critical care.

Anesthesiologists are specialized doctors who administer anesthetics to patients, depending on the patient and the pain relief required. The various anesthetics administration routes include injection, inhalation, topical lotions, sprays, skin patches, and eye drops. Anesthesia is usually administered to patients who undergo complicated procedures like surgeries.

What are Anesthetics?

Anesthetics are drugs that reduce or prevent pain. There are mainly three types of anesthetics used.

In a restricted area of the body, local anesthetics are drugs that, upon topical application or local injection, cause a reversible loss of sensory perception, especially pain.

Regional anesthetics are local anesthetics that block the sensation perception from a larger body area, such as an arm, leg, or abdomen.

General anesthetics are drugs that cause a reversible loss of consciousness, immobility, muscle relaxation, and sensation, especially pain.

When local anesthetics or regional anesthetics are administered, the patient remains conscious, but during the administration of general anesthetics, the patient is unconscious and unaware of his/her surroundings. Anesthetics given to patients in critical care units are usually general anesthetics.

What do you mean by critical care?

Critical care or Intensive care is a specialized type of care administered to patients with life-threatening injuries and illnesses. They need constant monitoring and comprehensive care and are usually admitted to intensive care units (ICU).

Health-care providers use a lot of different equipment like catheters, dialysis machines, feeding tubes, etc. Devices also monitor the patient’s vital signs and display them on monitors. These machines help keep patients alive, but they can also increase the risk of infection.

Critical care anesthesia

Critical care anesthesia is a specific type of anesthesia where specialized anesthesiologists care for patients who have recently undergone major surgery or suffer from the effects of severe infections or trauma.

Critical care anesthesiologists possess the medical knowledge and technical expertise to deal with emergencies. They work in intensive care units as essential doctors of care, also known as intensivists. They have the training to deal with cardiac and pulmonary resuscitation, airway management, advanced life support, and airway control; stabilizing the vitals.

They know how to stabilize and prepare patients for emergency surgeries. They coordinate and work closely with other specialists like surgeons to manage treatments for patients and deliver a full range of care. They act as a connecting link between surgeons and physicians to ensure that they work together effectively and for the same purpose.

Critical care anesthesiologists continue to care and check on patients multiple times throughout the day and even at night.

Some of the standard protocols critical care anesthesiologists follow are –

-Monitor the electrical activity of the heart

-Monitor the blood oxygen saturation

-Monitor vital signs like blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate.

Usually, patients in the ICU are given intravenous saline so that they stay hydrated.

During the coronavirus pandemic, the importance of critical care anesthesia has risen up. Anesthesiologists are working tirelessly to provide the necessary care required for an excessive amount of patients.

The management of COVID-19 patients includes specialized anesthetic care for patients with suspected and confirmed COVID-19, intubation outside operation theatres, oxygenation and ventilation support for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, emergency management and participation in other patients care aspects.

Anesthesiologists have to be very careful as they will be handling most of the patients with respiratory disorders. Some requirements that need to be followed are

-All suspected patients must be kept in isolation rooms before their procedure.

-Anesthesiologists must wear Personal Protective Equipment at all times.

-Operations, when conducted, should be done in a negative pressure or positive pressure isolation rooms.

Effect on patients

Critical care can have a significant impact on patients. Before being administered with anesthesia, patients must undergo a diagnostic assessment to determine his/her ability to survive the stress of anesthesia and surgery.

Some difficult decisions must be made if the patient is critically ill or closer to death. Some patients may have to be resuscitated. Others can live but only with the aid of machines. The outcomes of these decisions must ensure that the patient undergoes minimal suffering. The entire team of healthcare workers and the patient’s family are involved in making these decisions.

Anesthesiologists around the world work long hours and fatigable work shifts. Critical care anesthetists have more stress while handling multiple patients and continuously monitoring their vital signs. The coronavirus situation has heavily impacted the work-life of these anesthesiologists, causing even more challenges.

Anesthesiologists are like the heroes behind a mask who ensure the patient’s safety while other specialists carry out their procedures. We have to thank them to keep us comfortable, pain-free, and in good health.

Do check our recent blog – https://www.saideephospital.com/2020/12/19/multiple-sclerosis/

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19Dec2020

Medical 4 Comments

Multiple Sclerosis – Neurology

An autoimmune disease is a condition where the immune system starts attacking its own body’s cells. This detrimental effect can lead to various complications and other diseases. The immune system cannot differentiate between foreign cells and its own cells, which leads to this condition. They can either target one organ, in Type 1 diabetes, or target multiple organs, in systemic lupus erythematosus.

What is Multiple Sclerosis?

Multiple Sclerosis, also known as encephalomyelitis disseminate, is an autoimmune disease that attacks the myelin sheath of the nerve cells in the brain and spine. The myelin sheath is an insulating layer of proteins and fats that protects the axon of the nerve cells. This sheath allows proper electrical impulses to take place quickly and efficiently. It is made by two cells, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells.

During multiple sclerosis, the immune system starts eating away at the myelin sheath. It disrupts the electrical signals to pass effectively from cell-to-cell and causes a range of symptoms, from muscle weakness to paralysis in the legs. It can lead to permanent damage or deterioration of nerve cells. When a nerve fiber is exposed, the impulses can be slower or can stop completely.

Statistics

6.4% of women and 2.7% of men are likely to develop some kind of an autoimmune disease at some point in their lifetime. More than 2.3 million people in the world have multiple sclerosis. In India, almost every 5-10 per 1,00,000 individuals have multiple sclerosis. A study in 2015 stated that the number of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis per year had almost doubled.

Causes Multiple Sclerosis

Since it is an autoimmune disease, the exact cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown. However, a couple of factors can increase the risk of this disease.

Age: multiple sclerosis is one of the most common disabilities in younger adults. It can develop at any age but is usually seen in adults from the age of 20-40.
Sex: Women have a double or triple higher chance of developing multiple sclerosis than men. This could be due to the role of female hormones.
Inheritance: multiple sclerosis is not hereditary but it can get passed down generations. The risk of siblings or children developing multiple sclerosis is higher.
Infections: a research article conducted in 2014 states that multiple sclerosis can be linked with microbial infections like Chlamydia pneumonia and staphylococcus aureus produced enterotoxins.
Race: Caucasian people, usually of European descent, have the greatest risk of developing multiple sclerosis, whereas people of Asian or African descent, have the least risk.
Vitamin D: People with lower levels of vitamin D have a higher risk of developing multiple sclerosis.
Climate: climate does not cause this disease but it can worsen the symptoms of multiple sclerosis. This is usually temporary.

Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis

The symptoms of multiple sclerosis are unpredictable and can vary from person to person. Some symptoms of multiple sclerosis include:

Muscle stiffness, pain and spasms of the extremities.
Tingling and numbness in various parts of the body.
Vision problems like double vision, blurred vision and sometimes even loss of vision.
Fatigue and weakness due to nerve deterioration in the spinal cord.
Dizziness and incoordination in balance, often similar to vertigo.
Bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction where patients lose bladder and bowel control.
Cognitive issues like disorientation, shortened attention span and loss in memory.
Emotional health is affected leading to irritability and mood swings.

Diagnosis:

There is no specific test to diagnose multiple sclerosis. However, various other tests can rule out different diseases with similar symptoms to arrive at a conclusion. They are:

Blood test: A blood test can check for specific biomarkers that may be associated with multiple sclerosis.
Spinal tap: A puncture in the lumbar region of the spine can sample the cerebrospinal fluid for any abnormalities in antibodies.
Magnetic resonance imaging: An MRI can detect lesions on the brain and spinal cord which could be an underlying cause of multiple sclerosis.
Evoked potential test: An evoked potential test measures the speed of nerve messages along sensory nerves to the brain and a visual or electrical stimuli test used in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

Treatment:

There is no cure for Multiple sclerosis. Treatment is focused on 3 main concerns:

Treatment for attacks

Corticosteroids: they decrease inflammation but have various side effects like fluid retention, mood swings, and an increase in blood pressure and blood glucose levels.

Plasma exchange: exchanging plasma in the blood for albumin is used when the patient doesn’t respond to steroids

Treatment to slow the progression

Treatment in the early stages can lower the relapse rate, slow the formation of new lesions, and reduce the risk of brain atrophy. For primary-progressive MS, ocrelizumab (Ocrevus) is the only FDA-approved disease-modifying therapy. There are various options available for relapses of MS such as Injectables (Interferon beta medication, Glatiamer acetate), oral medication (Dimethyl fumarate, Teriflunomide), or infusion treatments (Natalizumab).

Treatment for symptoms

Physiotherapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises can reduce muscle weakness and improve gait problems.

Muscle relaxants: Relieves muscle stiffness and spasms.

Medications to reduce fatigue and improve mood: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors can be used for depression and Amantadine can decrease fatigue.

Conclusion:

Living with any chronic illness is not an easy task. The key to combating the ill effects of multiple sclerosis is early detection, right treatment, and therapy. It is important that one continues to move on with their daily tasks as much as possible. Having a positive outlook on life can really help make multiple sclerosis not as intimidating as it is.

Do check our recent blog – https://www.saideephospital.com/2020/11/17/the-most-common-dental-problem-pyria/

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14Dec2020

Health care 1 Comment

Coronary Angiography

Coronary angiography is a diagnostic procedure performed to check the blood flow and presence of any obstruction (blockages) in coronary arteries that supply blood to the cardiac muscles.

How Coronary Angiography is done?

This procedure is done through the radial artery that is present in the wrist and the femoral artery (thighs). Anyone location is chosen to do this procedure. The sheath is placed within the artery using a needle. A tube-like structure known as the diagnostic catheter is passed through the artery towards the aorta ( the biggest blood vessel arising from the heart). The end of the catheter is placed at the opening of the arteries and a contrast dye is injected into the coronaries.

At the same time, fluoroscopy is done which permits the visualization of the flow of the dye through the coronaries and can be seen on a screen. Fluoroscopy uses X-rays to visualize the coronaries. Images are then acquired at diﬀerent angles to get a complete idea of the coronaries. The catheter is removed along with the sheath from the artery. The wound is then dressed and heals with proper post-care.

Is it painful? Does it create a wound?

A small puncture hole on the skin about 2 mm in diameter is created using a needle puncture. It is done under local anesthesia and does not require any stitches. When properly done it is painless and all that is felt is a tiny prick of the needle.

Does it require admission to the hospital?

It can be done as an out-procedure and the patient can go home on the same day itself. Usually, patients can be discharged after 4 hrs when done via the radial artery and 6 hours when done via the femoral artery.

Is it a dangerous or life-threatening procedure?

It is a relatively safe procedure and needs to be done only by an expert. As it is an invasive procedure, complications may arise depending on various factors involved in a patient’s medical history. Some minor complications that may arise include hematoma at the puncture site, vasospasm, minor allergic reaction to the dye. Very rarely, life-threatening complications like myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, anaphylaxis, stroke, renal failure, or death may occur. However, these are extremely rare cases and occur in less than 1% of patients.

Can coronary angioplasty be done immediately after angiography?

Yes. Angioplasty which involves stenting the blockages seen on angiography can be performed immediately after angiography depending on the clinical circumstances.

Check out our recent blog – https://www.saideephospital.com/2020/11/29/vision-impairment-cases-rise-during-the-pandemic/

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